Unit -I
Introduction: Characteristics of programming Languages, Factors influencing the evolution of programming language, developments in programming methodologies, desirable features and design issues. Programming language processors: Structure and operations of translators, software simulated computer, syntax, semantics, structure, virtual computers, binding and binding time.
Unit -II
Elementary and Structured Data Types: Data object variables, constants, data types, elementary data types, declaration, assignment and initialization, enumeration, characters, strings. Structured data type and objects: Specification of data structured types, vectors and arrays, records, variable size data structure, pointers and programmer constructed data structure, Sets files. Sub Program and programmer defined data types: Evolution of data types, abstractions, encapsulations, information hiding, sub programmes, abstract data types.
Unit -III
Sequence Control; Implicit and Explicit sequence control, sequence control with within expression and statements, recursive sub programmes, exception handling, co routines, Scheduled sub programmes, concurrent execution. Data control referencing environments, static and dynamic scope, local data local data referencing environment, shared data: Explicit common environment dynamic scope parameter passing mechanism.
Unit -IV
Storage Management: Major run time requirements, storage management phases, static storage management, stack based, heap based storage management. Syntax and translation: General syntactic criteria, syntactic element of a language, stages in translation, formal syntax and semantics.
Unit -V
Operating and Programming Environment: Batch Processing Environments, Embedded system requirements, Theoretical models, Introduction to Functional Programming, Lambda calculus, Data flow language and Object Oriented language, Comparison in various general and special purpose programming languages e.g. Fortran, C, Pascal, Lisp, etc.
References:
Terrance W Pratt, "Programming Languages: Design and Implementation" PHI
Sebesta, "Concept of Programming Language", Addison Wesley
E Horowitz, "Programming Languages", 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley
"Fundamentals of Programming Languages", Galgotia.